Classification
Project
Juni Lundstol
Kingdom
Phylum Porifera:
The Sponges
Things that all plants have in common is that they can produce their own food using light. They are able to do this because they have plant pigments called chlorophyl. All the plant cells have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, chloroplasts and plasmodesmata.
Animalia
Phylum Coelenterata:
The Coelenterates
The Phylum Porifera is mainly called the sponges. They are marine animals and live mainly in salt water. These sponges have pores in them which allows water to pass in and out of the animal. Things floating in the water like food particles and then caught once they are inside the sponge. Adult sponges are sessile feeders, meaning they attach themselves to rocks or shells at the bottom of the ocean floor as they feed. These sponges have a asymmetrical shape meaning they don't have a particular shape they stick to.
The Phylum Coelenterata are marine animals and live in bodies of water. Some examples of these kinds of creatures are jellyfish, hydras and corals. Their body wall is made of two layers called ectoderm and endoderm. The ectoderm is the outer layer and the endoderm is the inner layer or the animal. In the inter layer, between these two layer, a jellylike material is found. Their digestive systems are incomplete meaning they only have one opening to the digestive cavity. This opening is used as a mouth and as an anus. The Phylum Coelenterate have specialized cells. Most of these have tentacles that have stinging-like qualities to serve as protection towards other animals. Their bodies have a nerve network that makes the movement of the tentacles and the body possible. The shape of this animal is radial.
Phylum Platyhelminthes: The Flatworms
The Phylum Platyhelminthes are animals often refereed to as flatworms and that live in both fresh and salt water. Some examples of these kinds of creatures are planaria and tapeworms. Their names come from their flattened bodies. Flatworms have 3 different layers of tissue. The first one is called ectoderm which is that outside layer. The second one is called endoderm which is the inner layer. The third is called mesoderm or the middle layer. Each layer gives rise to the various organs and systems of this animal. Their digestive systems are incomplete meaning there is one opening which is used as a mouth and an anus. The parasitic tapeworm doesn't need a digestive system due to the fact that it absorbs nutrient from the host its living in. The planaria has eyespots at its front end and these eyespots detect light which helps them against their predators. The tapeworm has a think protective cuticle on the outside of its body like other parasitic animals. This cuticle protects the tapeworm from being destroyed by strong digestive enzymes of its host. Flatworms have a bilateral symmetry and they have a specific tail and head region.
Phylum Nematoda: The Roundworms
The Phylum Nematoda are animals often refereed to as Roundworms and that live in both fresh and salt water, terrestrial. Roundworms have long and smooth bodies. Their bodies are tapered at both ends and are covered by a protective cuticle. They have three tissue layers; ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Roundworms have a complete digestive system meaning they have two holes. One hole serves as a mouth to receive food and the other hole serves as a waste outlet to eject waste. Free-living roundworms are very good at producing good quality soil. Pinworms on the other hand are common parasitics roundworms that can be found on children. These worms are bilateral symmetry with an anterior end and a posterior end.
Phylum Annelida:
The Segmented Worms
The Phylum Annelida are animals often refereed to as segmented worms and that live in environments such as marine, fresh water and terrestrial. Some examples of these kinds of creatures are earthworm, leech and sandworm. These animals have a similar body shape as the roundworm but their bodies are segmented internally and externally which makes them move faster. They have a complete digestive system and their set up is often referred to as the tube-within-a-tube body plan. They are bilateral with anterior and posterior ends. The also have dorsal and ventral surfaces.
Phylum Mollusca: The Mollusks
The Phylum Mollusca are animals that are found in environments such as marine and fresh water, terrestrial. Some examples of these kinds of creatures are clams, snails, oysters and octopus. Mollusca have soft bodies and usually get around with a strong muscular food on its ventral surface. These creatures are well known for their tongue-like organ which is called the radula. This had multiple rows of teeth and uses this to scrape food of the ocean floor and from rocks or other sea plants. The mantle is a type of skin that surrounds the body organs. This acts like a gland because it acts like a secretion. This fluid then hardens to help form the shell of these mollusks. The symmetry is bilateral.
Phylum Arthropoda: The Arthropods
The Phylum Arthropoda are animals that are found in all environments. Some examples of these kinds of creatures are insects, spiders and crustaceans. These kind of animals are the most successful out of any animal group. This is because three are more than a million different kinds of insects. Arthropods have a segmented body and jointed appendages that is good for walking, swimming, flying, grabbing, fighting, digging and biting. Their bodies are divided into different sections which are the head, abdomen and thorax areas. For the exoskeleton, the outside skeleton is made out of chitin which protects its soft body and prevents water loss making it easier for them to live on land. Their shape is very bilateral.
Phylum Echinodermata – The Echinoderms
The Phylum Echinodermata are animals that are all marine living mainly on the ocean floor. Some examples of these kinds of creatures are sea stars and sea urchins. Echinodermata have an internal, limy skeleton and a spiny outside surface. This structure really helps them protect themselves against predators and helps support them up. They have a water-vascular system which is basically tubes filled with water that run through their bodies. By moving this water though these tubes they can use their tubed feet as suction cups. They also have complete digestive systems meaning they have two holes, one for their mouth and one for their anus. The symmetry is radial.
Phylum Chordata: The Chordates
The Phylum Chordata are animals that live in marine, freshwater or terrestrial areas. Some examples of these kinds of creatures are fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals. The chordates have a dorsal nerve cord. They also have a flexible, supporting rod or notochord on their dorsal side. In the invertebrates the notochord tends to remains stiff and flexible. But for the vertebrates, cartilage or bone replaces the notochord to support is more and to make a supporting backbone. The symmetry is bilateral.
